Dengue Duo Panel Rapid Test Background Information:

Dengue fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases in the world in relation to morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever virus (serotypes 1-4) belongs to the group flavivirus, and is transmitted in nature by day-biting Aceder mosquitos. The most important mosquito vector is highly domesticated and urban species, Aedes aegypti, also known as the yellow fever mosquito. Primary Dengue infection, also known as Dengue Fever, is the most common type of dengue illness. It is associated with mild to high fever, headache, muscle pain, and skin rash. Secondary infection is known as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome, and often results in high fever and in many cases, with hemorrhagic events and circulatory failure. The fatality rate in patients with Dengue Shock Syndrome can be as high as 44%. Dengue presents typically as a fever of sudden onset with headache, retrobullar pain, pain in the back and limbs (break-bone fever), lymphaderopathy and maculopaplar rash. Patients diagnosed with dengue in endemic areas generally have secondary infection, whereas patients in non-endemic areas are usually diagnosed with primary infection. Specific antibody responses to Dengue virus enable serodiagnosis and differentiation between primary and secondary dengue infections. Dengue NS1 (nonstructural protein I) is a highly conserved glycoprotein. NS1 antigen was found circulating in samples of infected patient from the first day up to 9 days after the onset of the fever. After the anti-NS1 antibody elevate in human body, the detectable NS1 antigens decline quickly. While detectable NS1 antigens are declining, the elevated antibodies can be detected for longer time. Usually IgM does not become detectable until 3 to 10 days after the onset of illness in cases of primary dengue infection and until 2 to 3 days after onset of illness in secondary infections. In primary infections, IgG appear the 14th day and may persist for many years. Secondary infections generate an anamnestic IgG antibody response that is characterized by a rapid rise in IgG antibodies detectable at 4-5 days after the onset of the illness. The detection of both NS1 antigen and anti-Dengue antibodies provides the tool for the diagnosis of dengue infection from the early infection to the stage after the onset of the illness. It can enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis of dengue infection.

Dengue Duo Panel Rapid Test Principle:

Dengue NS1 Antigen Test is a flat solid phase immunochromatographic assay. When sample is added to sample pad, it moves through the conjugate pad and mobilizes gold anti-NS1 conjugate that is coated on the conjugate pad. The mixture moves along the membrane by capillary action and reacts with anti-NS1 antibody that is coated on the test region. If NS1 is present, the result is the formation of a colored band in the test line region. If there is no NS1 in the sample, the area will remain colorless. The sample continues to move to the control area and forms a pink to purple color, indicating the test is working and the result is valid. Dengue IgG/IgM Antibody Test utilizes the principle of Immunochromatography. Mouse anti-human IgM and human IgG antibodies are immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane respectively, as two individual test lines (IgM line and IgG line) in the test window of the test device. The IgG line in the test window is closer to the sample well and followed by IgM line. As the test sample flows through the membrane within the test device, the colored-Dengue specific recombinant antigen-colloidal gold conjugate complexes with specific antibodies (IgM and/or IgG) of Dengue virus if present in the sample. This complex moves further on the membrane to the test region where it is captured by the anti-human IgM and/or human IgG antibodies coated on the membrane leading to formation of a colored band, which indicates a positive test results. Absence of this colored band in the test window indicates a negative test result. Regardless of the presence or absence of anti-Dengue virus antibodies in the specimen, a built-in control line will always appear in the test window when the test has performed properly. For additional details please refer to the instructions for use.